Echidnodes
Echidnodes Theiss. & Syd., Annls mycol. 15(6): 422 (1918).
Index Fungorum number: IF 1732; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07949, 29 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), no molecular data available.
Epiphytes on the upper surface of leaves, forming blackened areas. Superficial hyphae radiating from the margins of thyriothecia, lacking appressoria, having a subcuticular or intra-epidermal hypostroma. Sexual morph: Thyriothecia solitary or gregarious, superficial, linear, X- or Y-shaped, black, easily removed from the host surface, opening by linear fissures. Upper wall comprising linear darkened cells, which are branched at the outer rim, base poorly developed. Hamathecium comprising asci arranged vertically, pseudoparaphyses not observed. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate dehiscence not observed, globose to subglobose, apedicellate, with a thick hyaline apical region, ocular chamber not observed, not staining blue in IKI. Ascospores overlapping multiseriate, ellipsoidal-fusiform, strictly constricted at the septum, hyaline, uniseptate. Asexual morph: Unknown (adapted from Hongsanan et al. 2014).
Type species: Echidnodes liturae (Cooke) Theiss. & Syd.
Notes: Echidnodes is characterised by solitary or gregarious, superficial thyriothecia, globose to subglobose, apedicellate asci and ellipsoidal-fusiform, hyaline, uniseptate ascospores. Arx and Müller (1975) placed Echidnodes in Asterinaceae based on the subcuticular hypostromata and superficial hyphae lacking appressoria. Echidnodes resembles Echidnodella but differs in having a subcuticular or intraepidermal hypostroma (Hosagoudar 2012). Hongsanan et al. (2014) placed Echidnodes in Aulographaceae based on presence of superficial hyphae, lack of appressoria, globose to subglobose asci and ellipsoidal-fusiform, hyaline, uniseptate ascospores. Echidnodes is a distinct genus in Aulographaceae but molecular data is needed to confirm this placement.
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