Capnodiales » Cladosporiaceae

Toxicocladosporium

Toxicocladosporium Crous & U. Braun, in Crous et al., Studies in Mycology 58: 39 (2007).

            Index Fungorum number: IF 504426; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06970, 15 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 15 species with molecular data.

            Pathogenic to humans. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, dark brown, finely verruculose hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, dimorphic, solitary, macronematous or micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macronematous conidiophores subcylindrical, straight to geniculate-sinuous, or irregularly curved, unbranched or branched above, septate, dark brown, finely verruculose, walls thick, septa dark brown; micronematous conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, erect, doliiform to subcylindrical, with slight taper towards the apex. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or lateral, subcylindrical with slight taper towards apex; proliferating sympodially with apical loci protruding and denticle-like, thickened, darkened and refractive, but not coronate. Conidia catenate in branched or unbranched chains, medium to dark brown, thick-walled, with dark, thick septa, smooth to finely verruculose; ramoconidia septate, prominently constricted at septa, broadly ellipsoid to subcylindrical; conidia ellipsoid to ovoid, pale to medium brown, 0(–1)-septate; hila not coronate, but protruding, thickened, darkened and refractive in ramoconidia, but less obvious in young conidia (adapted from Crous et al. 2007).

 

Type species: Toxicocladosporium irritans Crous & U. Braun

 

Notes: Toxicocladosporium resembles Cladosporium sensu stricto in producing dimorphic conidiophores. Toxicocladosporium is unique in having dark, thick-walled septa in the conidia and conidiophores, and by absence of a typical coronate Cladosporium scar type (David 1997). Toxicocladosporium is morphologically and phylogenetically a distinct and well-defined genus in Cladosporiaceae. LSU and ITS sequence data are available in GenBank for Toxicocladosporium.

 

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