Lignosphaeria
Citation: Pem D et al. (2019) Mycosphere Notes 275-324: A morphotaxonomic revision and typification of obscure Dothideomycetes genera (incertae sedis). Mycosphere 10(1), 1115–1246
Lignosphaeria Boonmee, Thambug. & K.D. Hyde, in Thambugala et al., Fungal Diversity: 10.1007/s13225-015-0348-3, [61] (2015)
Saprobic on dead wood. Sexual morph: Ascomata scattered to gregarious, superficial or semi-immersed to densely erumpent, carbonaceous, dark brown to black, globose to subglobose. Ostiole slit-like, central, papillate, periphysate. Peridium broad at the apex, comprising several layers of dark brown to black cells of textura angularis, fusing at the outside with the host tissues. Hamathecium 1–3 μm of septate, long, hyaline, anastomosing and branched, cellular pseudoparaphyses, embedded in gel matrix between and above the asci. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, long pedicellate, apically rounded, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uni to bi-seriate, hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform, with narrowly rounded ends, wide at the second cell from the apex, 3-septate, constricted at the septa, cell above central septum widest, small guttulate, smooth-walled, lacking a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Type species – Lignosphaeria thailandica Boonmee, Thambugala & K.D. Hyde
Notes – The genus Lignosphaeria was introduced by Boonmee et al. (2015) with Lignosphaeria thailandica as the type species. Lignosphaeria was compared with Thyridaria (Hyde et al. 2013) in having immersed to erumpent ascomata, pseudoparaphyses and cylindrical to fusiform ascospores with narrowly rounded or acute ends. In a phylogenetic analyses carried out by Thambugala et al. (2015), the genus Lignosphaeria formed a clade in between Floricolaceae and Amorosiaceae basal to the genus Thyridaria. In our analyses, the genus Lignosphaeria positions itself in between Floricolaceae and Lophiostomataceae as an independent lineage. It seems that a new family should be introduced for this genus however more sequences are required to confirm this hypothesis as only internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and 28S large ribosomal subunit RNA gene regions have been deposited in GenBank (Fig. 1). We therefore, retain the genus in the Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis.
Figure 1 – Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on LSU and ITS sequence data retrieved from the GenBank. Related sequences were referred to Liu et al. (2017) and Thambugala et al. (2017). Forty-four taxa are included in the genes sequence analyses which comprise total 2229 characters after alignment. Eremodothis angulata (CBS 610.74) and Westerdykella cylindrica (CBS 454.72) are used as the out-group taxa. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was conducted in the CIPRES Science Gateway V. 3.3. The best sorting RaXML tree with a final likelihood value of -9834.122464 is presented. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.252590, C = 0.229863, G = 0.288440, T = 0.229108; substitution rates AC = 1.924217, AG = 2.620898, AT= 2.094050, CG = 1.166547, CT = 10.037969, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter α = 0.504667; proportion of invariant 0.393490. ML bootstrap values ≥ 50% are given as the first set of numbers and approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) ≥ 0.90 values as the second set of numbers above the nodes. Voucher/strain numbers are given after the taxon names, the one from type material are indicated in bold face. Sequence of interest is indicated in red. The bar length indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions per site.
References
Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.
Thambugala KM, Hyde KD, Tanaka K, Tian Q et al. 2015 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Lophiostomataceae, Floricolaceae, and Amorosiaceae fam.nov. Fungal Diversity 74, 199–266.
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