Cyclothyrium
Cyclothyrium Petr., Annls mycol. 21(1/2): 5 (1923).
Index Fungorum number: IF 7863; Facesoffungi number: FoF 06671, 2 morphological species (Species Fungorum 2022), 2 species with molecular data.
Pathogenic on host. Leaf spots red-brown, rounded, slightly thickened, surrounded with a yellow sash. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Stroma sparsely developed, punctiform, consisting of a loose tissue of septate and branched colored hyphae. Pycnidia unilocular more or less valsoid, rounded base, more or less neck-like tapered. Ostiole erupting on a common oral disc. Conidiophores short, rod-shaped, simple. Conidia ovate, ellipsoidal, rarely almost globular, dark olive-brown (adapted from Petrak 1923).
Type species: Cyclothyrium ulmicola (Berk.) Petr.
Notes: Cyclothyrium was introduced by Petrak (1923) with C. ulmicola as type species. Cyclothyrium is characterised by red-brown, rounded leaf spots surrounded by a yellow sash, epiphyllous, punctiform, black conidia. Cyclothyrium was thought to be related to Coniothyrium based on morphological resemblances (Sutton 1980). Cyclothyrium is also similar to Paraconiothyrium but differs in producing elongated conidiogenous cells, with conidia having a truncate base or less rounded at the base compared to Paraconiothyrium (Verkley et al. 2004). Cyclothyrium juglandis is considered as the asexual morph of Thyridaria rubronotata and is suggested to be related to Roussoella hysterioides, the teleomorph of Cytoplea but this has not been confirmed by phylogenetic analyses (Verkley et al. 2004, de Gruyter et al. 2013). The teleomorph of Cyclothyrium juglandis, Thyridaria rubronotata is related to Massariosphaeria phaeospora but it was not assigned to any familial rank (Schoch et al. 2009). The taxonomic placement of Cyclothyrium is still uncertain and is currently placed in Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis. More taxa with DNA sequence data are needed to confirm the taxonomic placement of the genus. Molecular markers available for Cyclothyrium are ITS, LSU and SSU.
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